Mughlia Saltanat Ka Zawal In Urdu Pdf Download
Mughlia Saltanat Ka Zawal in Urdu PDF: A Must-Read for History Lovers
If you are interested in the history of the Mughal Empire, one of the most powerful and influential dynasties in South Asia, you should not miss the book Mughlia Saltanat Ka Zawal by Rama Pati Tripathi. This book is available in Urdu language and you can download it in PDF format from various online sources.
Mughlia Saltanat Ka Zawal In Urdu Pdf Download
Mughlia Saltanat Ka Zawal means "The Rise and Fall of the Mughal Empire" and it covers the history of the Mughals from their origins in Central Asia to their decline and collapse in the 18th and 19th centuries. The book is based on extensive research and analysis of historical sources and documents. It provides a detailed and objective account of the political, social, cultural, religious, and economic aspects of the Mughal rule.
The book also examines the causes and consequences of the Mughal decline, such as the internal conflicts, rebellions, invasions, corruption, mismanagement, and loss of legitimacy. It also explores the impact of the Mughal legacy on the subsequent history of India and Pakistan.
Mughlia Saltanat Ka Zawal is a valuable and informative book for anyone who wants to learn more about the Mughals and their role in shaping the history of South Asia. It is written in a simple and engaging style that makes it easy to read and understand. It is also enriched with maps, illustrations, tables, and charts that enhance its visual appeal.
The Mughal Empire: Origin and Expansion
The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur, a descendant of the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan and the Turkic conqueror Timur. Babur was born in 1483 in Fergana, a region in present-day Uzbekistan. He inherited a small kingdom from his father, but he had to face many challenges from his rivals and enemies. He lost his kingdom several times and wandered across Central Asia in search of a new homeland.
In 1504, he captured Kabul and established his base there. He then turned his attention to India, where he saw an opportunity to carve out a new empire. India at that time was ruled by the Lodi dynasty, which was weak and unpopular. Babur invaded India five times between 1519 and 1526. In his final invasion, he defeated the Lodi sultan Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526. This marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire in India.
Babur's son Humayun succeeded him in 1530, but he faced many difficulties in consolidating his power. He was challenged by Sher Shah Suri, an Afghan ruler who had established a powerful kingdom in Bihar and Bengal. Sher Shah defeated Humayun twice and drove him out of India in 1540. Humayun spent 15 years in exile in Persia and Afghanistan, before he returned to India with the help of the Safavid shah Tahmasp I. He regained his throne in 1555, but died a year later after falling from the stairs of his library.
The Mughal Empire: The Golden Age of Akbar
Humayun's son Akbar ascended the throne in 1556 at the age of 13. He is regarded as the greatest of all Mughal emperors, as he expanded the empire to cover most of northern and central India, and established a system of administration that became a model for later rulers. He also promoted a policy of religious tolerance and cultural synthesis, which earned him the respect and admiration of his subjects.
Akbar was a military genius who conquered many territories and subdued many rebellions. He defeated the Hindu king Hemu at the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556, which secured his position as the undisputed ruler of northern India. He then annexed Malwa, Gujarat, Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Kashmir, Sind, and Baluchistan to his empire. He also fought against the Rajputs, who were the most powerful Hindu warriors in India. He defeated them in several battles, but he also made alliances with them by marrying their princesses and giving them high positions in his court.
Akbar was also a visionary leader who reformed the administration and taxation system of his empire. He divided his empire into provinces called subahs, which were further subdivided into districts called sarkars. Each subah had a governor called a subadar, who was responsible for maintaining law and order, collecting taxes, and supervising local officials. Akbar also introduced a new land revenue system called zabt, which was based on a careful survey of land and crops. The peasants had to pay one-third of their produce as tax to the state.
Akbar was also a patron of art and culture, who encouraged learning and innovation in various fields. He founded a new religion called Din-i Ilahi, which combined elements of Islam, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Sikhism. He also built a magnificent city called Fatehpur Sikri near Agra, where he constructed many palaces, mosques, tombs, gardens, and schools. He also established a library called Khana-i Khana, where he collected many books on history, religion, philosophy, science, and literature. He also invited scholars, poets, artists, musicians, and craftsmen from different parts of India and abroad to his court.
The Mughal Empire: The Decline and Fall
The Mughal Empire reached its peak of glory and prosperity under Akbar's grandson Shah Jahan (1628-1658), who built the Taj Mahal and other splendid monuments. However, his reign also marked the beginning of the decline of the empire, as he depleted the treasury with his lavish spending and military campaigns. His son Aurangzeb (1658-1707) inherited a weakened and divided empire, which he tried to consolidate with his strict and orthodox policies. He imposed Islamic laws and taxes on the non-Muslims, banned music, art, and literature, and persecuted the Sikhs and the Hindus. He also expanded the empire to its largest extent, but at a huge cost of lives and resources.
Aurangzeb's death in 1707 triggered a succession war among his sons, which resulted in the fragmentation of the empire. The later Mughals, who ruled from 1707 to 1857, were weak and incompetent rulers who had little control over their nobles and governors. They faced many challenges from the rising powers of the Marathas, the Sikhs, the Afghans, and the British. The Marathas emerged as the dominant force in India after defeating the Mughals in several battles and capturing Delhi in 1737. The Sikhs established their own kingdom in Punjab under Ranjit Singh in 1799. The Afghans invaded India several times and sacked Delhi in 1739. The British East India Company gradually extended its influence and control over India through trade, diplomacy, and war.
The final blow to the Mughal Empire came in 1857, when a rebellion broke out among the Indian soldiers of the British army. The rebels proclaimed Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal emperor, as their leader and captured Delhi for a few months. However, the rebellion was crushed by the British forces and Bahadur Shah was exiled to Burma (Myanmar). The Mughal Empire was formally abolished and India came under the direct rule of the British crown.
Mughlia Saltanat Ka Zawal in Urdu PDF: A Comprehensive History of the Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was one of the most powerful and influential dynasties in South Asia that ruled from the 16th to the 19th century. The Mughals were known for their military prowess, administrative efficiency, cultural diversity, and artistic excellence. They left behind a rich legacy of monuments, literature, music, and cuisine that still fascinate people today.
However, the Mughal Empire also faced many challenges and difficulties that led to its decline and collapse. The Mughals had to deal with internal conflicts, external invasions, religious intolerance, economic problems, and political fragmentation. The Mughals also had to contend with the rising powers of the Marathas, the Sikhs, the Afghans, and the British, who eventually took over their territories and ended their rule.
In this article, we will explore the history of the Mughal Empire from its rise to its fall. We will also review a book called Mughlia Saltanat Ka Zawal by Rama Pati Tripathi, which narrates this history in Urdu language. The book is available in PDF format and can be downloaded from various online sources. The book covers the following topics:
The origin and expansion of the Mughal Empire under Babur, Humayun, and Akbar.
The golden age of the Mughal Empire under Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb.
The decline and fall of the Mughal Empire under the later Mughals and the British.
If you are interested in learning more about the Mughals and their role in shaping the history of South Asia, then this article and this book are for you. Read on to find out more.
The Mughal Empire: The Art and Culture
The Mughal Empire was not only a political and military power, but also a cultural and artistic one. The Mughals patronized various forms of art and culture, such as painting, architecture, literature, music, and cuisine. They also fostered a cosmopolitan and pluralistic society, where people of different religions, languages, and ethnicities coexisted peacefully.
Mughal painting was one of the most distinctive and influential styles of art that developed in India. It was mainly confined to book illustration and the production of individual miniatures. It evolved from the Persian style of painting, but gradually incorporated elements of Indian art, such as bright colours, naturalism, and realism. Mughal painting reached its zenith under the reigns of Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan. Some of the famous Mughal painters were Daswant, Basawan, Bichitr, Govardhan, and Abul Hasan.
Mughal architecture was another remarkable achievement of the empire. It was a blend of Persian, Turkish, and Indian styles of architecture. It was characterized by symmetrical structures, domes, arches, minarets, gardens, and decorative motifs. Some of the iconic examples of Mughal architecture are the Taj Mahal in Agra, the Red Fort in Delhi, the Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, the Fatehpur Sikri in Uttar Pradesh, and the Jama Masjid in Delhi.
Mughal literature was also rich and diverse. It included histories, biographies, memoirs, poetry, and religious texts. The official language of the empire was Persian, which was used for administration and court literature. However, other languages such as Urdu, Hindi, Sanskrit, Arabic, and Bengali were also patronized by the Mughals. Some of the notable Mughal writers were Abul Fazl, who wrote the Akbarnama and the Ain-i Akbari; Babur, who wrote his autobiography Baburnama; Jahangir, who wrote his memoir Jahangirnama; and Dara Shikoh, who translated the Upanishads into Persian.
Mughal music was also a fusion of Persian and Indian musical traditions. It consisted of various genres such as qawwali (devotional music), khayal (classical vocal music), dhrupad (ancient style of singing), tarana (fast rhythmic song), thumri (light classical song), ghazal (lyrical poem), and kathak (classical dance). The Mughals also introduced new musical instruments such as the sitar (a stringed instrument), the tabla (a pair of drums), the sarod (a lute-like instrument), and the harmonium (a keyboard instrument).
Mughal cuisine was also a reflection of their diverse and refined taste. It was influenced by Persian, Turkish, Afghan, Central Asian, and Indian cuisines. It featured rich and aromatic dishes such as biryani (rice with meat or vegetables), kebab (grilled meat), korma (curry with yogurt or cream), pulao (rice with spices), nihari (stew with meat), haleem (thick soup with meat and lentils), kheer (rice pudding), halwa (sweet dish made with flour or nuts), firni (milk pudding with rice flour), kulfi (frozen dessert), falooda (cold drink with noodles), sharbat (sweet drink with fruits or flowers), and paan (betel leaf with areca nut).
Mughlia Saltanat Ka Zawal in Urdu PDF: A Summary and Review
In this article, we have discussed the book Mughlia Saltanat Ka Zawal by Rama Pati Tripathi, which narrates the history of the Mughal Empire from its rise to its fall. The book is available in Urdu language and can be downloaded in PDF format from various online sources. The book covers the following topics:
The origin and expansion of the Mughal Empire under Babur, Humayun, and Akbar.
The golden age of the Mughal Empire under Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb.
The decline and fall of the Mughal Empire under the later Mughals and the British.
The art and culture of the Mughal Empire, such as painting, architecture, literature, music, and cuisine.
The book is a valuable and informative source for anyone who wants to learn more about the Mughals and their role in shaping the history of South Asia. It is written in a simple and engaging style that makes it easy to read and understand. It is also enriched with maps, illustrations, tables, and charts that enhance its visual appeal.
The book also provides a balanced and objective account of the Mughal rule, highlighting both its achievements and failures. It also explores the impact of the Mughal legacy on the subsequent history of India and Pakistan.
Mughlia Saltanat Ka Zawal is a must-read for history lovers who want to know more about one of the greatest empires of all time. d282676c82
https://www.igelikita.ch/group/meals-nutrition/discussion/25f6c53c-add5-4f03-9116-57e8eab010b6
https://www.sootheearth.com/group/mysite-231-group/discussion/baa91863-d73f-4462-957c-4130c12a0032
https://www.docanson.com/forum/questions-answers/the-jungle-book-book-in-hindi-pdf-download