Film The Girl From Beijing Tanpa Sensor

Film The Girl From Beijing Tanpa Sensor

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Physical layout of the optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor embedded in polyimide films. (a) Layout of the FBG sensor embedded in two polyimide films; (b) FBG sensor and its calibration blocks.

Assuming that the FBG sensor in polyimide film functions at a constant room temperature, the influence of working temperature can be ignored in this study. Thus, Formula (2) can be converted to Formula (3). From the wavelength shift and coefficient of photo elastic, the strain of the FBG sensor can be obtained with the following formula:

In this study, given that the FBG sensor is located in polyimide film, the FBG sensor and polyimide film can be considered as the same structure. Under an actuating force, the FBG sensor and polyimide film bear a uniform deformation. Figure 2 illustrates the embedded depth and bending deformation of the FBG sensor in polyimide films; the length and thickness of the FBG sensor in polyimide film is denoted by L (30 mm) and h (1.25 mm).

We then carried out five groups of experiments to evaluate the stability of the sensor based on the polyimide film. In this study, the deviation index (DI) is defined to represent the stability of sensors and is expressed as follows:

Here, x and y denote the refractive index of sodium chloride solution and the resonance wavelength of SPR dip, respectively. It can be seen from equation that the sensitivity of fiber/Ag film SPR sensor is 2219.2 nm/RIU when sodium chloride solution selected as the analyte.

(a) Transmission spectrum of fiber/Ag film sensor at a refractive index of 1.3328 under different lengths of NCF (in cm); (b) Sensitivity fitting curve of fiber/Ag film sensor under different NCF lengths (in cm).

where x and y denote the refractive index of glucose solution and the resonance wavelength of SPR dip, respectively. It is indicated from Figure 10b that the sensitivity of fiber/Ag film SPR sensor is 2848.81 nm/RIU and linearity is 0.962.

(a) Transmission spectrum of fiber/Ag-Cu films sensor at a refractive index of 1.3328 under different bronze mirror reaction time (in minutes); (b) Sensitivity fitting curve of fiber/Ag-Cu films sensor under different bronze mirror reaction time (in minutes).

Abstract:In this paper; the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with a porous silica film was studied. The effect of the thickness and porosity of the porous silica film on the performance of the sensor was analyzed. The results indicated that the figure of merit (FOM) of an SPR sensor can be enhanced by using a porous silica film with a low-refractive-index. Particularly; the FOM of an SPR sensor with 40 nm thick 90% porosity porous silica film; whose refractive index is 1.04 was improved by 311% when compared with that of a traditional SPR sensor. Furthermore; it was found that the decrease in the refractive index or the increase in the thickness of the low-refractive-index porous silica film can enlarge the FOM enhancement. It is believed that the proposed SPR sensor with a low-refractive-index porous silica film will be helpful for high-performance SPR sensors development.Keywords: surface plasmon resonance sensor; figure of merit; porous silica; low-refractive-index

Film censorship in China involves the banning of films which are deemed unsuitable for release and it also involves the editing of such films and the removal of content which is objected to by the governments of China. In April 2018, films were reviewed by the China Film Administration (CFA) under the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) which dictates whether, when, and how a movie gets released.[1] The CFA is separate from the NRTA under the State Council.

In March 2018, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party decided its publicity department would centralize the film management, taking that responsibility away from SAPPRFT,[4] the latter of which was renamed National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA).[5][6] In April 2018, the department formally put up a China Film Administration sign.[7]

On June 11, 2021, the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region announced that effective that day that it would begin censoring films according to the requirements from Hong Kong national security law, bringing itself more in line with the rest of the country.[9][10]

PEN America believes that wholesale withdrawal from the Chinese-film market is neither realistic nor desirable. Hollywood should not wholly forego its opportunity to offer its stories to Chinese theatergoers and nor would it be positive for the Chinese people to be denied all access to American filmmaking. There is still substantial space for Hollywood to offer important, provocative and resonant stories even within the restrictions set by Beijing.

PEN America recognizes that the calculus facing profit-making global filmmakers and studios differs from that confronting individual book authors. Moreover, the business relationships, investment ties, and ownership structures that have solidified Chinese influence in Hollywood dictate that many filmmakers come to this issue with a set of vested interests in place. As this report takes pains to explain, Beijing has structured its censorship model on forcing Hollywood studios to cooperate with its strictures, dangling the carrot of major box office returns alongside the stick of regulatory punishment for noncooperation. While there is space for studios to negotiate with Beijing regulators, such space is circumscribed.

In this work, an impedimetric label-free AP-DNA (1) sensor for the determination of ACE was reported. For the first time, we demonstrated that the Ap-DNA (1) modified on the gold electrodes transformed into a more stable secondary structure with stem-loop bulge (hairpin-like conformation) in binding buffer (B-buffer), forming a specific binding sites for ACE, thereby induced an increased charge transfer resistance change (ΔRCT). The sensing principle was further confirmed by CD and EIS. Therefore, ACE was successfully detected with good selectivity and sensitivity depending on ΔRCT with a detection limit of 1 nM. In addition, the Ap-DNA (1) film was successfully performed in environmental lake water and orange juice samples with good recoveries.

The electrochemically activated gold electrodes and the thiolated AP-DNA (1) modified electrode films were prepared according to previous methods reported before [40, 42]. After that, the AP-DNA (1) modified sensors were washed with 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH = 7.4) buffer and kept at 4°C prior to use. Each AP-DNA (1) modified electrode can be used only one time.

As shown in Fig 2A, the RCT was significantly increased when the prepared Ap-DNA (1) films were incubated in B-buffer (containg 50 nM ACE) for 40 min, confirming the specific binding interaction between the AP-DNA (1) film and ACE. This can be explained that the Ap-DNA (1) with more stable hairpin-like structure on the electrode surface provided the specfic binding sites for ACE, and the formed ACE/AP-DNA (1) complexes then hindered the electron transfer from the solution to the electrode surface [23] (enhanced the repulsion of the redox probe [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-), resulting in an increased RCT [38, 48]. As a control, EIS experiments were also carried out by exploring the DNA (2) modified films reacting with 500 nM ACE in B-buffer (the same procedure as the Ap-DNA (1) film). The representative Nyqiust plots were analyzed and shown in Fig 2B. As shown in Fig 2B, just as expected, there showed only a very minor increase of ΔRCT after the control DNA (2) films were utilized over the same time, which can be neglected in camparison with the ACE induced Ap-DNA (1) films ΔRCT. Therefore, we can infer that the obviously increased ΔRCT of the Ap-DNA (1) film was attributed to the specificly capturing ACE by the formed hairpin-like binding sites (stem-loop bulge) on the electrode surface.

Rs (solution resistance) is the resistance between the reference electrode and the Ap-DNA (1) films [23], ranging from 5.5 (0.26) Ω·cm2 to 6.1 (0.27) Ω·cm2. Cfilm accounts for the capacitance of the Ap-DNA (1) films on the working electrodes [49], shown in Table 1. It showed that the Cfilm decreased after immersing the Ap-DNA (1) films in ACE/B-buffer solution, revealing that the Ap-DNA (1) films binding with ACE might lead to an increase in the film thickness that resulted in a decreased dielectric constant [23]. Rx and the CPE (constant phase element) accounts for the behavior of the 6-MCH on the working electrode surfaces [50]. CPE accounts for the inhomogeneity of the films on the working electrode surface with the exponential modifier n = 0.9 [51]. For ACE quantification, RCT is the most important parameter and it represents the charge transfer resistance between the redox probe [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- and the gold working electrode surface [52, 53]. As shown in Table 1, after incubating the Ap-DNA (1) films with 50 nM ACE in B-buffer for 40 min, the RCT sharply increased from 1069.2 (16) Ω·cm2 (RCT(before)) to 1413.8 (13) Ω·cm2 (RCT(after)) with a ΔRCT of 344.7 (26.2) Ω·cm2.

Next, ΔRCT was used as the parameter and applied for the ACE detection. First, we exploited the ΔRCT changes of the Ap-DNA (1) films after incubation in ACE/B-buffer with increasing the ACE concentrations from 1.0 nM to 600 nM. As shown in Fig 3A, there was a dramatic increase in the ΔRCT with increasing the ACE concentrations from 1.0 nM to 200 mM, and then the ΔRCT increased slowly from 200 nM to 600 nM. The results indicated that the higher ACE concentration used, the more ACE/AP-DNA (1) complexes formed on the electrode. On the contrary, the ΔRCT decreased as decreasing the ACE concentration. No obvious change of ΔRCT was observed when decreased to 1.0 nM ACE (compared with the backgrand ΔRCT of buffer), and the low detection limit of 1.0 nM was determined. The linear relationship between ΔRCT and the concentrations of ACE was in the range of 5.0 nM to 100 nM (shown in Fig 3B), and the fitted regression equation was Y(ΔRCT) = 64.4+5.53X (CACE) (R2 = 0.9). 2b1af7f3a8